Vielen Dank erstmal. 

Zu den Rückfragen. Eine andere Festplatte funktioniert einwandfrei und es war keine Software o.ä. dabei. Sie lief ja auch vorher 2 Jahre problemlos.
EtreCheck Report (Auszug) anbei, unten gibt´s in jedem Fall auch was zu der Panic. 
Liebe Grüße,
Chris
EtreCheckPro version: 6.4.4 (6E015)
Report generated: 2021-06-18 11:14:06
Download EtreCheckPro from https://etrecheck.com
Runtime: 3:18
Performance: Excellent
Problem: No problem - just checking
Major Issues:
    Anything that appears on this list needs immediate attention.
    
Unsigned files - There are unsigned software files installed that could be adware and should be reviewed.
    
Kernel panics - This system has experienced kernel panics that could be related to 3rd party software.
    
Low disk space - This computer is running critically low on free hard drive space.
Minor Issues:
    These issues do not need immediate attention but they may indicate future problems or opportunities for improvement.
    
No Time Machine backup - Time Machine backup not found.
    
Heavy RAM usage - Apps are using a large amount of RAM.
    
Clean up - There are orphan files that could be removed.
    
Unsigned files - There are unsigned software files installed. Apple has said that unsigned software will not run by default in a future version of the operating system.
    
System modifications - There are a large number of system modifications running in the background.
    
Limited drive access - More information may be available with Full Drive Access.
    
Kernel extensions present - This computer has kernel extensions that may not work in the future.
    
Sharing enabled - This computer has sharing services enabled that could be a security risk.
Hardware Information:
    MacBook Pro (13-inch, 2017, Four Thunderbolt 3 ports)
    MacBook Pro Model: MacBookPro14,2
    3,5 GHz Dual-Core Intel Core i7 (i7-7567U) CPU: 2-core
    16 GB RAM - Not upgradeable
        BANK 0/DIMM0 - 8 GB LPDDR3 2133
        BANK 1/DIMM0 - 8 GB LPDDR3 2133
    Battery: Health = Normal - Cycle count = 561
Video Information:
    Intel Iris Plus Graphics 650 - VRAM: 1536 MB
        HP ZR22w 1920 x 1080
Drives:
    disk0 - APPLE SSD AP1024J 1.00 TB (Solid State - TRIM: Yes)
    Internal PCI-Express 8.0 GT/s x4 NVM Express
        disk0s1 - EFI [EFI] 315 MB
        disk0s2 [APFS Container] 885.00 GB
            disk1 [APFS Virtual drive] 885.00 GB (Shared by 5 volumes)
                disk1s1 - M******************n (APFS) [APFS Virtual drive] (Shared - 852.67 GB used)
                disk1s2 - Preboot (APFS) [APFS Preboot] (Shared - 102 MB used)
                disk1s3 - Recovery (APFS) [Recovery] (Shared - 1.06 GB used)
                disk1s4 - VM (APFS) [APFS VM] (Shared - 6.44 GB used)
                disk1s5 - Macintosh HD (APFS) (Shared - 11.25 GB used)
        disk0s3 - B******P 115.24 GB (69.30 GB used)
Mounted Volumes:
    disk0s3 - B******P
        115.24 GB (69.30 GB used, 45.94 GB free)
        Mount point: /Volumes/B******P
    disk1s1 - M******************n [APFS Virtual drive]
        885.00 GB (Shared - 852.67 GB used, 15.52 GB available, 13.28 GB free)
        APFS
        Mount point: /System/Volumes/Data
    disk1s4 - VM [APFS VM]
        885.00 GB (Shared - 6.44 GB used, 13.28 GB free)
        APFS
        Mount point: /private/var/vm
    disk1s5 - Macintosh HD
        885.00 GB (Shared - 11.25 GB used, 15.52 GB available, 13.28 GB free)
        APFS
        Mount point: /
        Read-only: Yes
Network:
    Interface en8: USB 10/100/1000 LAN
    Interface en0: Wi-Fi
        802.11 a/b/g/n/ac
    Interface en6: iPhone
    Interface bridge0: Thunderbolt Bridge
    Interface en7: Bluetooth PAN
    Printer sharing: Enabled
    Screen sharing: Enabled
System Software:
    macOS Catalina 10.15.7 (19H2)
    Time since boot: About 2 days
Kernel Extensions:
    /Applications/PMHMac.app
        [Not Loaded] SONYDeviceType01.kext - com.sony.driver.dsccamFirmwareUpdaterType00 (1.2.00.09240 - SDK 10.7)
    /Applications/Rowmote Helper.app
        [Not Loaded] RowmoteIREmu_106.kext - com.regularrateandrhythm.driver.RowmoteIREmu (1.0 - SDK 10.7)
    /Applications/Tunnelblick.app
        [Not Loaded] tap-signed.kext - net.tunnelblick.tap (Jonathan Bullard, 20141104 (Tunnelblick build 5060))
        [Not Loaded] tun.kext - net.tunnelblick.tun (20141104 (Tunnelblick build 5060))
    /Applications/Voxal.app
        [Not Loaded] VoxalVirtualAudioDevice.kext - com.NCHSoftware.driver.VoxalVirtualAudioDevice (1.0.2 - SDK 10.6)
    /Library/Extensions
        [Not Loaded] ssuddrv.kext - com.devguru.driver.SamsungComposite (DEVGURU Co., Ltd., 1.4.32 - SDK 10.6)
        [Not Loaded] EPSONUSBPrintClass.kext - com.epson.print.kext.USBPrintClass (EPSON, 2.2.7)
        [Loaded] dfsfuse.kext - com.google.drivefs.filesystems.dfsfuse (Google, Inc., 45.2 - SDK 10.16)
        [Not Loaded] hp_io_printerclassdriver_enabler.kext - com.hp.hpio.hp-io-printerclassdriver-enabler (HP Inc., 19.26.0 - SDK 10.12)
        [Not Loaded] hp_fax_io.kext - com.hp.kext.hp-fax-io (HP Inc., 5.28.0 - SDK 10.12)
        [Not Loaded] hp_io_enabler_compound.kext - com.hp.kext.io.enabler.compound (HP Inc., 3.4.0)
        [Not Loaded] SONYDeviceType03.kext - com.sony.driver.dsccamDeviceInfo00 (1.3.0.07310 - SDK 10.7)
        [Not Loaded] BJUSBLoad.kext - jp.co.canon.bj.print.BJUSBLoad (Canon Inc., 10.75.21 - SDK 10.8)
        [Not Loaded] CIJUSBLoad.kext - jp.co.canon.ij.print.CIJUSBLoad (Canon Inc., 16.0.10 - SDK 10.9)
System Launch Agents:
    [Not Loaded] 16 Apple tasks
    [Loaded] 150 Apple tasks
    [Running] 147 Apple tasks
System Launch Daemons:
    [Not Loaded] 34 Apple tasks
    [Loaded] 164 Apple tasks
    [Running] 138 Apple tasks
    [Other] One Apple task
Internet Plug-ins:
    Silverlight: 5.1.41212.0 (? - installed 2016-01-20)
    DirectorShockwave: 11.6.6r636 (? - installed 2012-08-09)
    DivX Web Player: 3.8.1.397 (? - installed 2017-03-22)
    Unity Web Player: UnityPlayer version 4.0.1f2 (? - installed 2013-02-11)
    EPPEX Plugin: 3.0.0.0 (? - installed 2009-02-04)
Audio Plug-ins:
    ZoomAudioDevice: 1.0 (Zoom Video Communications, Inc. - installed 2021-02-06)
Safari Extensions:
    Webex Meetings (Cisco - installed 2021-04-26)
Backup:
    Time Machine information not available without Full Drive Access.
    6 local snapshots
    Oldest local snapshot: 2021-06-01 16:13:17
    Last local snapshot: 2021-06-18 11:09:20
Performance:
    System Load: 2.11 (1 min ago) 2.74 (5 min ago) 2.62 (15 min ago)
    Nominal I/O speed: 0.17 MB/s
    File system: 23.38 seconds
    Write speed:  645 MB/s
    Read speed:  2876 MB/s
CPU Usage Snapshot:
    Type Overall
    System: 6 %
    User: 12 %
    Idle: 82 %
Top Processes Snapshot by CPU:
    Process (count) CPU (
Source - 
Location)
    deleted 23.62 % (Apple)
    WindowServer 15.56 % (Apple)
    EtreCheckPro 8.18 % (Etresoft, Inc.)
    kernel_task 4.25 % (Apple)
    Google Chrome Helper (Renderer) (17) 2.96 % (Google, Inc.)
Diagnostics Information (past 7-30 days):
    2021-06-17 16:25:17 ArchiveService - High CPU Use
        Executable: /System/Library/Frameworks/FileProvider.framework/XPCServices/ArchiveService.xpc/Contents/MacOS/ArchiveService
    2021-06-17 11:46:56 photoanalysisd - High CPU Use
        Executable: /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/PhotoAnalysis.framework/Versions/A/Support/photoanalysisd
    2021-06-16 11:30:07 Kernel Panic
        Details:
            panic(cpu 1 caller 0xffffff7f9617af1f): "hfs_UNswap_BTNode: invalid ba
            ckward link (0x000bb494 == 0x000bb494)\n"@/AppleInternal/BuildRoot/Lib
            rary/Caches/com.apple.xbs/Sources/hfs/hfs-522.100.5/core/hfs_endian.c:
            302
        3rd party kernel extensions:
            com.google.drivefs.filesystems.dfsfuse
    2021-06-14 16:53:45 ControlStrip.app - Crash
        Executable: /System/Library/CoreServices/ControlStrip.app
        Details:
            dyld3 mode
            Crashing on exception: 645375221.495222 Missing Touches. This is a bug
             in IOHIDFamily
    2021-06-14 10:57:03 Backup and Sync.app - Crash (4 times)
        Executable: /Applications/Backup and Sync.app
        Details:
            objc_msgSend() selector name: updatePath:withStatus:
End of report